Solving the Challenges of Flat-Tappet Cams in Classic Car Engines

Summer belongs to classic cars and hot rods. It's the season when thousands visit car shows across North America and loyalists of every make and model cruise the streets to show off their rides. One of the big concerns among classic car owners in recent years, however, has been the abundance of flat-tappet camshaft failures that many attribute to the reduction of zinc and phosphorus in today's oil formulations.

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) is the most common zinc-based additive, and is used primarily as an anti-wear agent to prevent premature engine wear. It also provides corrosion and oxidation protection. However, because the zinc and phosphorus found in ZDDP can negatively affect catalytic converters, it has been phased out of motor oil formulations in recent years.
Reducing ZDDP content has drawbacks, as classic car owners have found. Older vehicles with flat tappet camshafts and, in particular, engines that include high-tension valve springs or other modifications that create high contact pressures can suffer premature wear due to reduced ZDDP levels.

Flat-Tappet vs. Roller Cams

The design of flat tappet cams makes them especially vulnerable to wear. As the name indicates, the tappet - or lifter - is flat. During operation, the surface of the cam lobe slides rapidly over the surface of the tappet, producing high friction and temperatures. A thin oil film is the only barrier that prevents the lifter and cam lobe from welding together. If the oil film fails or provides insufficient wear protection, the two components can eventually wear the flat tappet cam and affect valve operation. Engine power and efficiency can decline if the flat tappet cam cannot lift the valves enough to adequately charge the chamber for ignition or release exhaust fumes. Because most V8 engines of the muscle-car era came standard with flat tappet cams, the problem is especially prevalent to classic-car and hot-rod owners.
Roller cams, on the other hand, are differentiated by rolling contact rather than sliding contact. Although more costly, roller cams are common in most modern vehicles and can be retrofitted into classic-car and hot-rod engines.

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Demand for High-Zinc Oils

The abundance of flat tappet camshaft failures in classic-car and hot-rod circles has spurred the market for high zinc motor oils formulated especially to protect flat tappet cams AMSOIL Z-ROD® 20W-50 Synthetic Motor Oil (ZRT) and AMSOIL Z-ROD® 10W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil (ZRF) are specially engineered for these classic and high-performance vehicles. It features a high-zinc formulation to help prevent wear on flat tappet cams and other critical engine components. Because many of these vehicles sit idle much of the time, Z-ROD contains a proprietary blend of rust and corrosion inhibitors for added protection during longterm storage. Z-ROD Synthetic Motor Oil is designed to perform on the street and protect during storage.

Complete Vehicle Protection

Classic cars and hot rods need more than just premium engine protection. Many are modified to deliver increased power and torque, placing added stress on the transmission, differential and chassis. AMSOIL Synthetic Manual Transmission & Transaxle Gear Lube (MTG), Severe Gear® Synthetic Gear Lube (SVG, SVT, SVO & Dominator® Synthetic Racing Grease (GRG) offer advanced protection modified classic cars and hot rods need. These and other products are featured in the new Classic Cars Brochure (G3113).

Purchase AMSOIL products at up to 25% discounted as an AMSOIL Preferred Customer.

AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil Outperforms Competition in New Study

Nine synthetic motor oils were compared to AMSOIL Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil (ASL). When it was all said and done, Signature Series demonstrated the best overall performance and cost-effectiveness.

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Since AMSOIL introduced the first synthetic motor oil to meet American Petroleum Institute (API) service requirements in 1972, many other synthetic motor oil brands have been introduced. Today, synthetics are widely viewed as superior to conventional motor oils, and demand continues growing, but how do other brands compare to AMSOIL?

A Study of SAE 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oils

Signature Series 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil and nine other synthetic oils were subjected to five industry tests conducted according to American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) methodology. The overall annual cost of each oil was also compared. The study included synthetic motor oils exclusively for a number of reasons. First, most motorists now understand that synthetics provide increased performance benefits compared to conventional oils, so convincing consumers of synthetics' superiority is less of an issue. Second, while conventional motor oil sales remain flat, demand for synthetics continues to increase. Third, testing only synthetics facilitates an apples to apples comparison.

Methodology

Testing examined several important areas of motor oil performance, including resistance to deposit formation, wear protection, high-temperature stability, resistance to acid formation and cold temperature performance.

Click for larger image Four-Ball Wear Test results indicate significant differences in relative wear protection between oils. The top four performers limited wear scars to under 0.40 mm. AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil demonstrated the best wear protection in the Four-Ball Wear Test. Click for larger image  AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil tested two numbers higher than the nearest competitor.

Each oil was subjected to the following ASTM test methodologies:

• Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test (TEOST, ASTM D 6335)
• NOACK Volatility Test (ASTM D 5800)
• Four-Ball Wear Test (ASTM D 4172 Mod.)
• Total Base Number (ASTM D 2896)
• Cold Cranking Viscosity (ASTM D 5293)

Test results published in A Study of SAE 5W-30 Synthetic Motor Oils describe and represent properties of oils that were acquired from November 2012 to December 2012. Results do not apply to any subsequent reformulations of such oils or to new oils introduced after completion of testing. All oils were available to consumers at the time of purchase. An independent, third-party lab conducted all tests. Formulations were coded to reduce the potential for bias, and samples were tested in random order. An appropriate number of trials of each oil were run to produce results at the 95 percent confidence level when compared to Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil. The 95 percent confidence level only applies when comparing AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil to the other 5W-30 oils. The 95 percent confidence level does not apply when comparing the other oils to one another.

Candidate Oils

The following nine oils were selected for the study:

• Castrol Edge® with Titanium Fluid Strength Technology®
• Lucas Synthetic
• Mobil 1™ Extended Performance
• Pennzoil Ultra™
• Petro-Canada SUPREME Synthetic™
• Quaker State Ultimate Durability™
• Red Line High Performance Motor Oil
• Royal Purple High Performance Motor Oil
• Valvoline SynPower® Full Synthetic Motor Oil

All oils are 5W-30 viscosity and recommended for applications requiring API SN/ILSAC GF-5 specifications.

Results

AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil displayed the best results in the Four-Ball Wear, Total Base Number and Cold Crank Viscosity Tests. Results in the NOACK and TEOST Tests were also impressive, proving Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil's excellent high-temperature performance. Other oils performed well in some tests, but not as well in others, illustrating the challenge inherent in formulating a high-quality motor oil that performs well in tests designed to assess optimum engine protection and life. In addition to delivering outstanding performance, Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil provides maximum cost-effectiveness - even at retail pricing. Because they buy at wholesale, Dealers and Preferred Customers receive even more value. In the end, no other oil demonstrated itself capable of providing the overall performance in these tests and cost effectiveness of Signature Series.

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Although synthetic motor oils are known to provide increased low temperature performance compared to conventional oils, results suggest performance differences between formulations. AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil demonstrated the lowest cold crank viscosity (3,727 cP).

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 Results demonstrate a range of performance differences. Only Castrol Edge with Titanium Fluid Strength Technology and AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil limited total deposit weight to 5 mg or less.

AMSOIL 5W-30 Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil

Erik Buell trusts AMSOIL

AMSOIL Synthetic Motorcycle Oil Information

Briggs & Stratton® Synthetic 4T Racing Oil

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AMSOIL the Exclusive Distributor of Briggs & Stratton Synthetic 4T Racing Oil

Briggs & Stratton Synthetic 4T Racing Oil (GBS2960), formulated by AMSOIL, is now available to AMSOIL Dealers for their sales efforts. Introduced in March 2012, Synthetic 4T Racing Oil was initially distributed exclusively by Briggs & Stratton. In an effort to increase sales of this product, AMSOIL negotiated with Briggs & Stratton to allow AMSOIL Dealers to take over the exclusive distribution of this premium specialty racing oil. Briggs & Stratton agreed that transitioning distribution to AMSOIL Dealers will result in increased sales and exposure for 4T Synthetic Racing Oil.

While using competing oils in the extreme operating conditions of its racing motors, Briggs & Stratton experienced myriad failures and issues, including accelerated wear, foul odor, oil vaporization and very short change intervals. Looking to resolve the problems, Briggs & Stratton chose AMSOIL to formulate Synthetic 4T Racing Oil. AMSOIL entered the partnership enthusiastically, formulating an oil that provides outstanding protection and performance in extreme operating conditions. Providing an oil exclusively for Briggs & Stratton’s highest-performing racing engines strengthens the AMSOIL reputation for quality and increases brand recognition.

Briggs & Stratton is the world’s largest small-engine manufacturer, and karting is the fastest-growing motorsport in the U.S. Tens of thousands of racers rely on Briggs & Stratton engines at the track every weekend. This partnership provides a tremendous opportunity for AMSOIL Dealers to reach new markets and sell the wide range of AMSOIL synthetic motor oils to not only kart racers, but small-engine shops, landscaping companies, golf courses, construction companies and other users of equipment powered by all makes of small engines.

Premium Oil for Severe Racing Applications

Synthetic 4T Racing Oil is formulated specifically to handle the severity of Briggs & Stratton modified competition engines used in kart, junior drag, quarter midget and other racing applications and is recommended for any four-stroke air-cooled competition engine, whether single- or multi-cylinder, splash- or pressure-lubricated.

Combining the protection qualities of a heavy oil with the performance benefits of a light oil, Synthetic 4T Racing Oil helps racers elicit the most horsepower and longest life from their engines. It provides outstanding protection in both stock karts and limited-mod kart applications running over 10,000 rpm, with no sacrifice in horsepower. Racers using competing oils need both a light and a medium oil to achieve a similar combination of protection and horsepower. Synthetic 4T Racing Oil was dyno-tested using the Briggs & Stratton Animal engine, and proven to provide outstanding performance in the most extreme conditions possible. It effectively resists the elevated heat common to high-performance racing engines, and it protects against the formation of corrosion between races and during longer storage periods.

“We are really excited about this new relationship with AMSOIL,” said Director of Briggs & Stratton Racing David Klaus. “After a year in development and our first race season under our belt, racers are seeing the benefits of an oil engineered specifically for the environment in which it operates. It is that understanding and recognition that should open a vast new market for AMSOIL Dealers.”

Briggs & Stratton Synthetic 4T Racing Oil is not available in Canada at this time.

AMSOIL Synthetic Lubricants Proven in Las Vegas Taxi Fleet Field Trial

Click for information at AMSOIL.com

With modern vehicles producing increased heat, the ability of lubricants to protect against sludge and deposit formation is becoming more important. Motor oils and transmission fluids must demonstrate increased thermal stability throughout longer drain intervals for components to last as designed.

AMSOIL synthetic lubricants are formulated with reserve protection to withstand heat and its negative effects. To demonstrate it, AMSOIL Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil and Signature Series Synthetic Automatic Transmission Fluid were put to the test in taxi cabs operating in the searing desert heat of Las Vegas, Nev.

Taxi Fleet

Taxis are notoriously hard on lubricants due to excessive idling and constant stop and go driving loaded with passengers and cargo. Las Vegas summer temperatures added to the challenge, topping 100ºF during this field study.

Six vehicles operated with AMSOIL synthetic lubricants for 18 months. The vehicle selected for further analysis – a 2010 Dodge Charger equipped with a 2.7L V6 engine and 4-speed automatic transmission – accumulated 7,033 hours (102,582 miles) prior to the engine and transmission disassembly. Given the unusually high amount of idle time, maintenance intervals were determined in hours rather than miles. Signature Series 0W-20 Synthetic Motor Oil (ASM), changed every 900 hours or approximately 15,000 miles, was used in the Charger’s engine, while the transmission used Signature Series Multi-Vehicle Synthetic Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF), which was not changed during the study.

The Charger operated throughout Las Vegas up to 24 consecutive hours each day, with the engine shut down only during refueling and personnel changes. Average speed was 14.6 mph, while the EPA indicates the average speed for city driving is 21.2 mph, illustrating the excessive amount of idle time and stop and go driving.

Results

Transmission components prone to the effects of lubricant failure, including the valve body and clutch plates, revealed virtually no sludge and little wear after operating 7,033 hours (102,582 miles) on a single fluid change. Although the Charger carried a recommended transmission fluid change interval of 60,000 miles in severe service, Signature Series Multi-Vehicle Synthetic ATF continued providing superior protection well beyond the severe-service recommendation, confirming its ability to provide reserve protection.

Engine components susceptible to the formation of harmful sludge, including the oil pan, oil pickup tube and cylinder heads, revealed virtually no sludge, earning high ratings from an independent calibrated rater. Results prove the ability of Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil to safely extend drain intervals in severe service. Complete results are available in the Las Vegas Taxi Fleet Field Study (G3118) available from AMSOIL Inc.

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Following over 100,000 miles of severe service, the transmission case and cylinder
head contained virtually no sludge, confirming the superior heat resistance of
Signature Series Synthetic Motor Oil and Signature Series Synthetic ATF.

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Natural gas is an up-and-coming alternative to gasoline and diesel.

From stationary engines to heavy-duty equipment and even passenger cars, natural-gas engines are becoming more prominent.

Mark Nyholm | Technical Product Manager - Heavy Duty - AMSOIL Inc.

 Alternative fuels have been the talk of the town for over 10 years now, and the quest to reduce engine emissions, fuel costs and dependence on foreign oil often leads to fuels other than gasoline or diesel. Natural gas is one of these upand-
coming alternative fuels. For many of us, natural gas heats our homes and runs our stoves, water heaters and clothes dryers. This low-carbon fuel is making its way to powering a variety of natural gas engines for both stationary and vehicular applications. Compared to the relatively complex chemical structures of gasoline and diesel, natural gas has a relatively simple chemical makeup primarily composed of methane. When natural gas is burned, it produces fewer pollutant emissions than coal or petroleum products, which makes it a natural choice on the quest to reduce engine emissions.

Three varieties of natural gas are used: compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and renewable natural gas (RNG) or biomethane. CNG is natural gas compressed into high-pressure containers for storage or transport. LNG is achieved by cooling natural gas to -260°F at atmospheric pressure. LNG is 1/600th the volume of natural gas at atmospheric temperature and pressure, making it ideal for applications that are
weight or space limited. Biomethane, or biogas, is a naturally occurring, renewable energy source created by the breakdown of organic matter, such as farm and landfill waste. This low-carbon organic waste can be processed to high-quality natural gas suitable for use in pipeline or a variety of stationary and vehicular engines.

Vehicular natural gas engines are used in many mobile applications, including public transit buses, refuse haulers, delivery trucks, school buses and many other medium-/heavy-duty trucks. Natural gas has even made its presence into a few small passenger vehicles such as the Honda Civic; and Ford, General Motors and Ram have natural-gas-powered light-duty pickup trucks. Because of the limitations in engine availability, the heavy-duty market is primarily where natural gas is being used today. The limited number of natural-gas filling stations has also put constraints on the expansion of applications outside of engines either directly connected to the natural-gas pipeline or to vehicles that return to base daily. So if you are looking for natural-gas-powered vehicles, think locally and look at medium- to heavy-duty applications performing duties similar to diesel-powered vehicles.

Nearly all the natural gas used in North America is produced domestically, allowing local control over the energy supply. The cost of natural gas is substantially less than diesel or gasoline, resulting in reduced fuel costs. Many cities and states are looking to natural gas for two main reasons: First, natural gas engines are much quieter than their diesel counterparts. An idling diesel engine can be up to 10 times louder than a natural-gas engine. Because these engines often operate in the public sector, reducing engine noise creates more peaceful environments for operators, passengers and bystanders alike. Second, natural gas produces lower levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions than diesel. Complying with the emissions regulations set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the California Air Resources Board (CARB) has become essential to conducting business in North America.

Natural-gas engines have specific lubrication demands that differ from those of diesel and gasoline engines. AMSOIL continues to be at the forefront of natural gas engine lubrication and is involved in various natural-gas organizations. We have run multiple field trials proving our superior lubrication chemistry, and we continue to strive to improve lubrication for these engines through analytical and laboratory testing. AMSOIL Synthetic Vehicular Natural Gas Engine Oil (ANGV) and AMSOIL Synthetic Stationary Natural Gas Engine Oil (ANGS) both feature a low-ash formulation to minimize deposits that can lead to engine knocking and valve recession, while anti-wear additives provide excellent wear protection. Their thermal stability minimizes oxidation, and their low volatility reduces oil consumption. With oil analysis, both are proven for use in extended-drain-interval applications.

Although natural-gas vehicles currently represent a small percentage of the overall vehicle market, steady growth over the next decade is expected. A study from Pike Research (a research and consulting firm focusing on clean technology markets) forecasts worldwide sales of natural-gas trucks to grow at a compound annual growth rate (assuming a steady rate of growth much like the rate of return on an investment) of 14 percent between 2012 and 2019. The vehicular natural-gas market represents another arena of opportunity for AMSOIL Dealers, now and in the future. Remember, although these heavy-duty engines are similar to diesel engines, they do come with some very important differences that you should be aware of. Take a little time some evening and Google “natural-gas vehicles.” Prepare to be astonished at the quantity of information about natural gas that has made its way into our lifestyles already.

For more information on AMSOIL Synthetic Motor Oils including Synthetic Natural Gas Engine Oil and Synthetic Diesel Oils.

AMSOIL Synthetic Motorcycle Oil Demonstrates Outstanding Protection in Extreme Heat

Protection against extreme heat is of the utmost importance in motorcycle applications. The aircooled V-twin engines used in Harley-Davidson motorcycles can get extremely hot, particularly when idling or traveling at low speeds.
If a motorcycle oil cannot withstand hot operating temperatures, its ability to provide adequate engine protection is compromised. AMSOIL Synthetic Motorcycle Oil is formulated to withstand extreme heat conditions beyond the hottest temperatures motorcycles typically experience, providing peace of mind that motorcycles receive outstanding protection and performance no matter how extreme the operating conditions.

Dynamometer Testing

To demonstrate its extreme-heat protection qualities, AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil (MCV) was subjected to a dynamometer test designed to simulate conditions even more extreme than the demanding stop-andgo driving conditions of a motorcycle rally or parade route.
A 2012 Harley-Davidson FXDB Dyna Street Bob motorcycle equipped with AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil was operated for 68.5 minutes at low speeds, with significant idle time broken by engine revving. Like most Harley- Davidson motorcycles, the Dyna Street Bob features an air-cooled V-twin engine, which relies on cooling fins arrayed along the cylinder walls to conduct heat away. To create the most-severe operating conditions possible, the electronic temperature controls, which safeguard the motorcycle when temperatures reach dangerous levels, were deactivated. The test subjected the oil and engine components to intense heat not normally experienced in the real world, with cylinder temperatures reaching more than 500°F.
The extreme temperatures were no match for AMSOIL Synthetic Motorcycle Oil. After nearly 70 minutes of torturous testing and heat exposure, oil analysis revealed no change in oil viscosity and only minor levels of oxidation, TBN depletion and wear.
Not only did AMSOIL Synthetic Motorcycle Oil prevent the engine from overheating and seizing, it did so without losing chemical integrity or ability to protect vulnerable engine components, demonstrating that it provides outstanding protection even in compromising and severe high-temperature riding and idling conditions not experienced by most riders.

 As temperatures climbed to more than 500°F in the cylinders, an infrared camera revealed the redhot conditions that assaulted the engine components and oil.

Viscosity

As heat breaks oil down, the viscosity typically rises until it is significantly out of grade and must be changed. AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil showed no change in viscosity following the extreme-temperature test, demonstrating its outstanding resistance to thermal breakdown and its ability to provide excellent protection in the most severe conditions.

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Oxidation

AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil demonstrated outstanding oxidation resistance, allowing it to control deposits and keep motorcycle engines clean and operating at peak efficiency.

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TBN

AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil successfully maintained its Total Base Number (TBN), allowing it to effectively combat corrosive acids.

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Wear Metals

AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil demonstrated outstanding wear protection throughout the extreme-temperature test, with oil analysis results showing only trace levels of wear metals.

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AMSOIL 20W-50 Synthetic Motorcycle Oil information

After 1.6 Million Miles 18 Wheeler Shows No Signs of Quitting

After 1.6 million miles on the original drivetrain and 1.1 million on the factory-rebuilt engine, Jerry Pruett and his AMSOIL-lubed Kenworth show no signs of retiring.

When AMSOIL Dealer Jerry Pruett of Woodhull, Ill. purchased his new 1999 Kenworth over-the-road truck in December 1998, he thought it might run forever if he installed AMSOIL synthetic lubricants. Now with more than 1.6 million miles on the drivetrain and over 1.1 million on the factory-rebuilt engine, "forever" still remains in sight.
The mileage is even more impressive considering how little work the truck has required. The Detroit Diesel Reliabilt^® engine still has virtually all of its original components, including the turbo and fuel injectors. The truck accumulates 2,300-3,000 miles a week hauling loads averaging 27,000-35,000 pounds, with some up to 80,000.
The reliability of the drivetrain is also notable. Though the clutch has been replaced a couple times, the transmission hasn't been touched. "I've done nothing to the transmission. All the gears in it are at 1.6 million miles," said Pruett. The differential gears are also original to the truck.
Pruett runs SAE 60 Super Heavy Weight Synthetic Racing Oil (AHR) in the transmission. He uses Severe Gear^® SAE 190 Synthetic Gear Lube (SRN) in the differentials, although AMSOIL primarily recommends 75W-90 Long Life Synthetic Gear Lube (FGR) in over-the-road applications. "A little bit thicker oil couldn't hurt with the high miles," said Pruett.

AMSOIL Helps Increase Life of Defective Engine

The truck was originally equipped with a Detroit Diesel engine that, unknown to Pruett, contained a manufacturing defect known to cause catastrophic failure early in the engine's service life. Pruett initially installed Shell Rotella during the break-in period. "I wanted the rings to seat prior to switching to AMSOIL," he said. At about 140,000 miles, he installed Series 3000 Synthetic Heavy Duty Diesel Oil (HDD).
With 506,000 miles on the engine, the number three piston failed. "In talking with the mechanics, I found out there was a defect on these engines, and some blew around 300,000 to 375,000 miles," said Pruett. "In one instance, a rod came through the engine and punctured the computer. I felt my engine lasted as long as it did because of AMSOIL." When the mechanics removed the cylinder heads, the original hone marks were still visible on the cylinder walls. "The mechanic said the engine was not wearing out; the oil was doing a great job. Had it not been for the piston failure, it could have run forever."

Detroit Diesel Reliabilt^® Engine

Despite the engine warranty having expired 6,000 miles earlier, Pruett presented his case to Detroit Diesel. "I felt Detroit Diesel was taking advantage of me. Other guys using any old oil were receiving warranty coverage because their engines failed sooner. I told them I was using the best oil in the world and, because of that, the engine lasted longer," said Pruett. "To have that engine last past the warranty was a surprise to them, I think." Detroit Diesel agreed to provide Pruett a factory-overhauled engine at cost, in addition to $4,500 for installation.
The factory-rebuilt engine has since powered the truck for 1.1 million miles, requiring virtually no repairs. "I haven't even pulled the cylinder head off this thing," Pruett said. "I didn't replace the water pump until accumulating over 900,000 miles. Usually a water pump lasts 350,000 miles on a good day." As with the previous engine, Pruett installed Shell Rotella during the break-in period prior to switching to Series 3000 Synthetic Heavy Duty Diesel Oil.
The lone repair required was replacement of the camshaft at about 100,000 miles, barely out of the break-in period when still using Shell Rotella. Pruett believes the camshaft was original to the engine and not replaced when the engine was factory re-built by Detroit Diesel.
With close to 800,000 miles on the engine, Pruett switched to higher-viscosity 15W-40 Synthetic Heavy Duty Diesel and Marine Oil (AME) to guard against excess oil consumption common as engines age.
During a routine 31-point inspection completed when Pruett had a faulty sensor replaced, the mechanic remarked how nice the turbo looked. "They thought it had only been in for a couple months," said Pruett. "It was 12 years old." Pruett credits the Donaldson Endurance™ Heavy-Duty Air Filter for the turbo's longevity. "I was sold on the air filter from day one," he said. "Throttle response was quicker, it boosted the horsepower a little bit and turbo noise decreased."

100,000-mile Oil Changes

Pruett also uses the AMSOIL DUAL GARD^® By-Pass Oil Filtration System fitted with two EaBP110 By-Pass Oil Filters. Regular oil analysis continually indicated the oil was suitable for continued use, allowing Pruett to establish an oil change interval of once per year, or about every 100,000 miles, based on historical data. The EaBP110 By-Pass Oil Filters are changed twice a year, or about every 50,000 miles. Practicing extended drain intervals saves a considerable amount of money each year compared to using conventional oil and standard drain intervals. "Some guys are spending up to $1,200 a year on oil changes when they could be spending half that with AMSOIL," said Pruett. "They're throwing their money away."

Excellent Fuel Economy

Additional savings are realized each time Pruett fills his diesel tanks. "The truck really kind of scares me; it runs so good. I'm still getting about 7 mpg," said Pruett. During a run from Indianapolis, Ind. to St. Louis, Mo., the truck achieved 9.7 mpg. "The truck is capable of that mileage if I can just keep my foot out of it," said Pruett. He has used AMSOIL Diesel Concentrate (ADF) since day one, which not only helps fuel economy but, according to Pruett, has contributed to the fuel injectors lasting as long as they have. He also keeps AMSOIL Cold Flow Improver (ACF) on hand and uses it when conditions dictate.

No End in Sight

Pruett's truck serves as a rolling billboard for AMSOIL. It's covered in AMSOIL decals, along with the contact information for Pruett's AMSOIL Dealership. He shares his AMSOIL story with truckers at every opportunity. Pruett turns 62 in January and has thought about retiring, but, unfortunately for him, his truck has not. "I really want to see how far this truck can go, so I keep on trucking away."

Reading a Product Data Bulletin: Viscosity

A lubricant's viscosity and how it changes under different temperatures and operating conditions is one of the most important properties determining performance and protection. Accordingly, Kinematic viscosity is generally the first property listed on an AMSOIL product data bulletin.
Kinematic viscosity, measured using ASTM D 445 methodology, determines an SAE oil's hightemperature viscosity grade (for example, the "30" in 5W-30), while its Cold Crank Simulator (CCS) viscosity, measured using ASTM D 5293 methodology, determines its low-temperature grade (the "5W" in 5W-30).

Why Two Different Test Methods?

Viscosity can be viewed in two ways. Kinematic viscosity is defined by the lubricant's resistance to flow and shear due to gravity. To illustrate, imagine pouring two containers, one filled with water and the other with honey. The rate at which each fluid flows is governed by its Kinematic viscosity. Since the Kinematic viscosity of water is lower, it flows faster.
Dynamic (or absolute) viscosity, measured by the CCS test, is defined as the lubricant's resistance to flow as indicated by its measured resistance, best thought of as the amount of energy required to move an object, such as a metal rod, through the fluid. It takes less energy to stir water compared to honey because the dynamic/ absolute viscosity of water is lower.
Each test method is designed to replicate a specific operating condition, allowing formulators and end-users to determine the lubricant's characteristics when in use. The CCS viscosity test evaluates the amount of energy it takes to start an engine at a specified cold temperature; the lower the viscosity grade, the lower the temperature at which the test is performed. The test assigns a value in centipoise (cP), used to determine the viscosity grade. Using Signature Series 5W- 30 as an example, its viscosity at -30ºC (-22ºF) can be no greater than 6600 cP to receive a 5W grade (see chart). Lower values reflect lighter-viscosity oils.
The Kinematic viscosity test attempts to simulate viscosity at normal operating conditions for a passenger car/light truck. The test is performed at 100ºC (212ºF) and/or 40ºC (104ºF), depending on the grading system being used. The value at
100ºC is used to determine the SAE viscosity grade. The test measures how long the oil takes to completely flow from a viscometer device heated to 100°C. The elapsed time in seconds is converted to centistokes (cSt). Lower values reflect lighter-viscosity oils.

Viscosity Index

The viscosity index (VI) of a lubricating fluid refers to how much the viscosity of the fluid changes due to temperature. A high VI indicates the fluid undergoes little viscosity change due to temperature fluctuations, while a low VI indicates a relatively large viscosity change. The Viscosity Index Test (ASTM D 2270) is based on the Kinematic viscosity of the fluid at 40°C (104°F) and 100°C (212°F). A fluid whose viscosity does not change much between these two temperatures will have a higher VI than a fluid whose viscosity change is greater. Viscosity index numbers above 95 are considered high. Fluids with a high VI provide more protection to critical components over a wide range of temperatures by maintaining fluid thickness and the necessary fluid barrier between parts.
AMSOIL posts data information proudly on each product page at or near the bottom of the page. Check out the different AMSOIL Synthetic Motor Oils data information posted by clicking on a specific motoroil and opening the page. Compared to other motoroils on the market, AMSOIL is clearly superior. AMSOIL Synthetic Motor Oils

Oil Additives Can Offset the Careful Balance of a Well-Formulated Motor Oil

An overabundance of anti-wear agents, for example, can lead to reduced resistance to corrosion.

Dan Peterson - Vice President Technical Development AMSOIL Inc.

I don't get up on my soapbox very often – partly because I have put on a few extra pounds and don't want to break the box, and partly because it's just not my personality. Not a lot of things really get to me, but when I come across something that does, you don't want to be with me in the car for a long drive. One of these things is engine oil additives. The last time I stopped by the local parts store to pick up a tool for a brake job on my Ford Fusion, I stood in the aisle for a full 10 minutes looking at the huge display of engine oil additives. I was not in a hurry, so I picked up a dozen or so and read the marketing claims.

Wow; it seems almost any internal engine problem in the world can be solved simply by using an engine oil additive. "Restores engine life, eliminates dry starts, eliminates engine noise, restores parts' surfaces AND compensates current wear!" Now I see why people buy all these oil additives. Too busy or just not interested in taking care of your vehicle? Just wait until you have a problem and then buy a solution at the local parts store and you are back in business. Our instant-gratification culture pushes us into believing in quick solutions. In reality, there are very few quick solutions that can correct years of neglect in any area of life, including your internal combustion engine. Very few, if any, engine oil additives solve engine issues overnight or somehow restore engines to their original condition. So how do you get the longest, trouble-free life out of your engine? Use a highquality, trusted brand of synthetic motor oil regularly and don't add any engine oil additives. Formulating a motor oil to perform all the critical jobs required by your engine is a balancing act. You can't just focus on improving one property without testing and evaluating the impact on all critical oil properties. Many times, use of additives improves one property, but causes other properties to take a nosedive. 

Formulating synthetic motor oils is a core strength developed over the past 40 years at AMSOIL, and it is not an easy task. Motor oils need to protect engines against abnormal wear, excessive varnish, sludge, rust and corrosion and damaging foam. Motor oils also need to remove heat, help meet fuel economy standards, keep engine seals from leaking and keep catalytic converters working effectively over their projected lives.

Many negative outcomes derived from using engine oil additives have been documented over the years, including accelerated corrosion, excess oil thickening in cold temperatures and increased deposit formation. Most of these negative outcomes are relatively complicated chemical interactions, but just like your family is interconnected, so is the chemistry in your motor oil. When you add Uncle Buck to your family for a week, you and the kids all have a lot more fun staying up late and listening to stories, but he upsets the family balance. The kids have black circles under their eyes from staying up too late, you argue with your spouse about a few choice new words the kids picked up and you have to clean up cigar butts all over the garage when he finally leaves. Seems fun at first, but a week-long visit proves having Uncle Buck live with you for good isn't such a good idea.

The chemicals in motor oils are all interconnected and work together like a family unit to provide all the important properties required to keep your engine operating well. Most motor oils are designed with a measured amount of wear protection and deposit control. The problem comes when you add a whole bunch of extra or new wear protection or deposit control, and it ends up creating corrosion or destroying coldtemperature properties. Motor oils that perform well have some Uncle Buck built in, but at an appropriate level that does not upset critical chemistry in other areas designed to keep your engine running smoothly over the long run.

If you want a more detailed explanation by industry experts, a recent Noria announcement outlined that "Aftermarket oil additives can backfire." In the book, "Practical Handbook of Machinery Lubrication," the following description is listed:

"Increasing the percentage of a certain additive may improve one property of an oil while at the same time degrade another. When the specified concentrations of additives become unbalanced, overall oil quality can be affected. Some additives compete with each other for the same space on a metal surface. If a high concentration of an anti-wear agent is added to the oil, the corrosion inhibitor may become less effective. The result may be an increase in corrosion-related problems."

It's a much fancier way of saying too much of your Uncle Buck is not good for your marriage. Next time you talk to someone who is contemplating using one of those flashy new engine oil additives, tell them about the importance of maintaining the critical balance in motor oil and what can happen when it becomes unbalanced. 

AMSOIL Synthetic Motor Oils 

Manufacturer Installs Only AMSOIL Synthetic Grease in its 'Rare Parts'

 

A California manufacturer of steering and suspension parts installs AMSOIL synthetic greases exclusively in its Diamond Series specialty parts.

Rare Parts Inc. of Stockton, Calif. was the vision of Lyle Burgess, who began operating a wheel alignment service in 1957. He realized the steering and suspension parts he needed were hard to get and the industry lacked a steering and suspension part manufacturer that offered complete coverage. Parts were becoming obsolete. In 1981, Burgess founded Rare Parts.

Much like the story of AMSOIL INC., an ever-expanding company born from the vision of its founder A.J. Amatuzio, Rare Parts Inc. has flourished and grown over time. Today, Danny Burgess, a machinist who grew up in the business alongside his father, is president of the company.

Rare Parts is committed to providing American-made parts and designs and manufactures obsolete and current parts for virtually any application. The company offers complete coverage for any vehicle make, model or year.

"We offer products from the late 1920s to present, and if we do not have it we will build it," Danny Burgess said. "We build our own inventory and custom projects from the classic street rod enthusiast to custom fabricated agricultural harvester parts."

The Diamond Series line is manufactured to exceed original equipment manufacturer and other aftermarket product specifications. Examples are larger forgings for increased strength, improved internal designs, better wear characteristics, greaseable parts, tighter machining tolerances, proper heat treatment of ball studs and mating components and other changes in key areas, according to Burgess. Every Diamond Series part is designed, tested and inspected in the Rare Parts Inc. facility before it leaves the warehouse.

The parts are pre-greased with AMSOIL Synthetic Polymeric Truck, Chassis and Equipment Grease (GPTR).
 
"We only produce high-quality steering and suspension parts here in the USA and we wanted to pair them with a well-known highquality grease that also is made in the USA," Burgess said. "Since being registered as a retail-on-the-shelf account by our servicing Dealer, we have been using AMSOIL grease exclusively for about six to eight months. We also run AMSOIL products in our manufacturing equipment.


"Our experience with AMSOIL grease is that it holds up very well at high temperatures and reduces friction (turning torque) in some of our ball joints and idler arms. Reduced turning torque reduces steering effort and increases the life of the parts."

3,000-Mile Oil Change Comes Under Fire

The standard 3,000-mile oil change interval is under attack. Promoted for years by most motor oil companies and quick lube businesses as an essential part of proper vehicle maintenance, the public has become much more skeptical in recent years. In fact, searches for "3,000 mile oil change" in top Internet search engines such as Google and Yahoo! primarily yield articles and blog postings that challenge the practice and refer to it as a "scam" or "myth."

AMSOIL synthetic motor oil was introduced in 1972 as the only motor oil on the market recommended for 25,000-mile/one year drain intervals, and the company has spent much of the last 36 years as the lone voice promoting the benefits of extended drain intervals. However, AMSOIL has recently welcomed an increasing number of companies and organizations to the party. Although they still don't recommend drain intervals as long as AMSOIL recommendations, the momentum is growing.

Vehicle manufacturers have mostly recommended oil change intervals exceeding 3,000 miles in recent years. In fact, most recommend intervals of 5,000 miles or more. Ford Motor Company recommends drain intervals of 7,500 miles in its model year 2007 and newer vehicles, while other manufacturers incorporate oil monitoring systems in their newer vehicles that allow motorists to extend drain intervals even further.

In its December 2006 issue, Consumer Reports encourages drivers to follow the longer oil change recommendations of vehicle manufacturers, saying, "Although oil companies and quick-lube shops like to promote this idea [that engine oil should be changed every 3,000 miles], it's usually not necessary. Go by the recommended oil-change schedule in your vehicle's owner's manual. Most vehicles driven under normal conditions can go 7,500 miles or more between oil changes. Some models now come with a monitoring system that alerts the driver when the oil needs changing. Depending on driving conditions, these can extend change intervals to 10,000 or 15,000 miles."

Steve Ritter, senior editor of Chemical & Engineering News, writes, "Conventional wisdom has held that the oil should be changed about every 3,000 miles. This notion has been ingrained into people's heads for decades, in part as a marketing ploy by oil companies. The 3,000-mile interval made sense when engines used single-grade nondetergent oils. But with the latest oils and car designs, it's no longer necessary to change oil that often under normal driving conditions."

Concerned about the effects of used oil on the environment and responding to research thatindicates 73 percent of California drivers change motor oil more often than their vehicle's manufacturer recommends, the California Environmental Protection Agency and its Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) have emerged as another strong opponent of the 3,000-mile oil change. The group recently launched a public information program and website (www.3000milemyth.org) designed to "bust the 3,000-mile myth" and encourage drivers to reduce used oil volume by following the longer oil drain recommendations of vehicle manufacturers.

"Used motor oil poses a great risk to the environment," said CIWMB Chair Margo Reid Brown. "With better made cars and the rise of synthetic oils, the 3,000-mile standard is not always recommended."

Most recently, General Motors announced its support of the CIWMB program to educate drivers about oil change intervals. According to GM, standard 3,000- mile oil change recommendations are based on outdated engine and oil technology, and the company instead recommends changing oil based on its Oil Life System. Currently included on over 97 percent of all GM vehicles sold in the U.S., the GM Oil Life System typically allows drivers to extend drain intervals up to 10,000 miles through use of a computer-based software algorhythm that measures vehicle operating conditions. With 31 million vehicles on the road equipped with the Oil Life System, GM spokesman Tom Henderson claims following its recommendations rather than the 3,000-mile rule could save 100 million gallons of oil annually.

In addition to the environmental benefits associated with less waste oil, extended drain intervals save consumers money. For example, customers who purchase conventional oil at $3 or more per quart, drive 12,000 miles per year and follow 3,000-mile oil change recommendations spend atleast $60 per year on oil alone (assuming a five-quart sump capacity). AMSOIL Dealers and AMSOIL Preferred Customers who pay $6.45 per quart (based on case pricing) under the same conditions pay only $32.25 per year.

"When it comes to oil changes, less is more," claims the CIWMB. "You'll have more money in your wallet by changing your oil less, and fewer oil changes mean less oil that needs to be safely managed and recycled."

Premium AMSOIL synthetic motor oils offer the longest drain intervals on the market, unsurpassed protection and performance that effectively extends equipment life and improved fuel economy, saving customers money at the pump and reducing the nation's dependence on foreign oil.

Improve Fuel Economy

Use of AMSOIL synthetic lubricants, Ea Air Filters and fuel additives help customers stretch their fuel dollars.

With gasoline and diesel prices continually climbing and setting record highs, improved fuel economy has become a top priority for people and businesses that rely on vehicles and heavy equipment in their daily operations. In addition to providing superior protection and performance, AMSOIL synthetic motor oils, gear lubes, transmission fluids, air filters and fuel additives can have a profound impact on fuel economy, presenting Dealers with another solid marketing angle when presenting AMSOIL products to customers.

AMSOIL synthetic motor oils, gear lubes, transmission fluids, air filters and fuel additives can have a profound impact on fuel economy.

Synthetic Lubricants

AMSOIL synthetic motor oils, gear lubes and transmission fluids effectively improve fuel efficiency through reduced friction (fluid friction and friction between moving parts), superior thermal and oxidative stability and resistance to volatility.

Fluid Friction
Refined petroleum-based lubricants are composed of irregular molecules of various sizes. As they slip across each other, excess friction is created. The vehicle's engine must burn extra fuel to overcome this friction, decreasing fuel economy. AMSOIL synthetic lubricants, on the other hand, contain only smooth, uniform molecules that easily slip across each other, reducing internal friction within the lubricant, allowing fuel to be diverted from the task of overcoming friction to reaching the drivetrain, decreasing overall fuel consumption.

In addition, AMSOIL offers lower cold temperature viscosity synthetic motor oils that further reduce fluid friction and increase fuel economy in below-normal operating temperatures without sacrificing protection and performance. Synthetic 5W-40 Premium API CJ-4 Diesel Oil (DEO), for example, is recommended for diesel applications requiring heavier cold temperature viscosity 15W-40 diesel oils, while Synthetic 0W-20 Synthetic Motor Oil (ASM) is recommended for gasoline applications requiring 5W-20 motor oils, and Signature Series 0W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil (SSO) is recommended for gasoline applications requiring 5W-30 and 10W-30 motor oils.

Friction Between Moving Parts
Oil viscosity plays a critical role in reducing friction. If viscosity is too high, it contributes to fluid friction, while an oil with a viscosity that is too low cannot adequately maintain a complete, unbroken oil film between engine surfaces. Without this film, excess friction is created between moving parts, increasing wear and fuel consumption. The synthetic construction of AMSOIL synthetic lubricants ensures viscosity remains consistent due to excellent high temperature/high shear properties, maintaining an unbroken oil film between engine parts, reducing friction and decreasing fuel consumption.

Thermal and Oxidative Stability
Some of the chemicals in conventional lubricants break down at temperatures within the normal operating range of many vehicle and equipment components, coating components with varnish, deposits and sludge and leaving the oil thick and difficult to pump. This higher viscosity oil reduces engine and fuel efficiency because components must expend extra energy, and extra fuel, to do their jobs. AMSOIL synthetic lubricants contain no volatile contaminants, making them much more resistant to thermal and oxidative breakdown. Components stay clean, oil viscosity remains constant and fuel efficiency remains high.

Volatilization
Conventional lubricants are also very susceptible to volatility. When the oil's lighter molecules volatilize during hot operating conditions, it contributes to further viscosity increase and reductions in fuel economy. Because AMSOIL synthetic lubricants contain uniformly sized molecules, they resist volatilization much better than conventional lubricants, maintain their viscosities and allow more fuel to be used for vehicle propulsion, improving fuel economy.

Calculate the Savings
Industry tests demonstrate an average conservative two to five percent increase in fuel economy by switching to synthetic lubricants, while many AMSOIL customers report even larger gains. According to the most recent data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the average passenger vehicle uses 554 gallons of gasoline per year. At a price of $4 a gallon, 554 gallons of gas costs $2,216. A five percent fuel economy improvement would save 27.7 gallons of gasoline and yield $110.80 a year in fuel savings. That's enough to cover the price of a year's supply of AMSOIL synthetic motor oil and Ea Oil Filters, with money left over.

Imagine a fleet of 100 class 8 diesel trucks running an average 120,000 miles per year at an average 6.5 mpg with diesel fuel at $4.70 a gallon. Using those numbers, the fleet spends $8,676,923.08 on fuel annually. A five percent fuel economy improvement would increase the fleet's fuel mileage to 6.825 mpg and reduce fuel costs to $8,263,736.26. That's a savings of $413,186.82, enough for 87,912 gallons of fuel.

More Fuel Savings
In addition to the fuel savings provided by AMSOIL synthetic lubricants, AMSOIL Ea Air Filters and fuel additives contribute to further fuel efficiency gains.

Ea Air Filters (EaA)
Incorporating revolutionary nanofiber technology, AMSOIL Ea Air Filters excel in all three areas critical to filtration performance: efficiency, capacity and air flow. The increased air flow contributes to more efficient engine operation, increasing fuel efficiency by allowing the engine to burn less fuel. Ea Air Filters allow more air flow than filters that use cellulose media alone. Cellulose fibers are larger than nanofibers, and have larger spaces between the fibers, causing contaminants to load in the depth of the media and plug the air flow path, resulting in higher restriction and less capacity. The synthetic nanofibers in Ea Filter media have submicron diameters and small interfiber spaces, which result in more contaminants being captured on the surface of the media and lower restriction. This all leads to improved fuel efficiency.

Fuel Additives
P.i. Performance Improver (API)
As a vehicle's engine accumulates miles, its performance suffers from gasoline fuel-generated deposits that form on the fuel injectors, intake valves and combustion chamber. One of the negative effects caused by these deposits is decreased fuel efficiency. AMSOIL P.i. Performance Improver is the most potent gasoline additive available today. As a concentrated detergent, it is unsurpassed in cleaning combustion chamber, intake valve and fuel injector deposits, restoring peak engine efficiency, fuel economy, power and drivability. Tests show P.i. improves vehicle fuel efficiency by an average of 2.3 percent and up to 5.7 percent.

Diesel Concentrate (ADF)
Like gasoline engines, diesel engines also become less efficient over time. Fuel injector deposits interrupt spray patterns, causing poor fuel atomization, incomplete combustion, excessive emissions and smoke. Tests prove that AMSOIL Diesel Concentrate cleans dirty injectors, improving fuel economy by up to five percent and restoring horsepower to like new.

Cetane Boost (ACB)
By raising cetane up to seven points, AMSOIL Cetane Boost effectively improves combustion efficiency for increased power and performance in all diesel engines, increasing fuel efficiency up to 2 percent.

CIWMB Encourages Longer Drain Intervals

While most motor oil companies continue to push 3,000-mile oil drain intervals, vehicle manufacturers usually recommend longer intervals. In fact, Ford recommends drain intervals of 7,500 miles in its model year 2007 and newer vehicles, while oil monitoring systems in many newer vehicles allow motorists to extend drain intervals up to 12,000 miles. A recent study by the California Integrated Waste Management Board (CIWMB) revealed that 73 percent of California drivers change oil more frequently than their vehicle's manufacturer recommends. The group launched the 3000milemyth.org website to encourage residents to reduce used oil volume by following the longer drain recommendations of vehicle manufacturers. "Used motor oil poses a great risk to the environment," said CIWMB Chair Margo Reid Brown. "With better made cars and the rise of synthetic oils, the 3,000-mile standard is not always recommended."

AMSOIL Signature Series 0W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil Meets Honda/Acura HTO-06 Specification

The Honda/Acura HTO-06 motor oil specification was developed to ensure adequate protection for turbocharged engines, with testing for the specification designed to simulate the severe operating conditions under which turbocharged engines operate.AMSOIL Signature Series 0W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil meets the requirements of Honda/Acura HTO- 06, providing superior protection and performance for turbocharged engines. Exclusive extended drain formulation Superior protection against friction and wear Maximum fuel economy Extends equipment life Resists high temperature volatility Prevents sludge deposits and keeps engines clean Outstanding protection in cold temperatures Applications AMSOIL Signature Series 0W-30 Synthetic Motor Oil is recommended for use in gasoline engines, diesel engines (API CF, ACEA B5) and other applications requiring SAE 0W-30, 5W-30 or 10W-30 with the following worldwide specifications: API SM/CF, SL, SJ … ILSAC GF-4, 3 … ACEA A5/B5-04 GM 4718M, 6094M Ford WSS-M2C929-A Daimler Chrysler MS-6395N VW 503.00 Honda/Acura HTO-06

Motorcycle Sales Continue to Increase

The demographics of the average motorcyclist have changed, and they want to buy products from knowledgeable retailers.

Available in many sizes and forms, including cruisers, touring bikes, sport bikes, choppers, dirt bikes and scooters, motorcycle popularity continues to soar. In fact, according to the Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC), new motorcycle sales have increased every year since 1992. Of the 1.1 million new bikes purchased by U.S. consumers in 2005, 70 percent were on-highway models, while the rest were off-highway and dual-use models. Parts, accessories and clothing also comprise a large portion of sales in the retail motorcycle industry as bikers spend billions of dollars to upgrade the looks, comfort, speed and usability of their bikes.

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